Native plants · State
Native plants of Vermont
1,321 species are recorded as native to Vermont in Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants and USDA PLANTS and recorded in the state by USDA PLANTS, 484 of them with growing traits. County lists cover 14 of the state’s 14 counties; the typical county has 567.
State summary · USDA PLANTS and Kew WCVP
Vermont at a glance
- Native species statewide
- 1,321 Of 1,679 species Kew’s World Checklist records as native to Vermont (before this site’s scope)
- Garden-ready natives
- 484 With PLANTS growing records
- Typical county
- 567 Median native species per county; 254 garden-ready
- Share by type (all 1,321 native species)
-
Percent of the 1,321 native species in each growth type
Wildflowers: 670 · grasses and grass-like: 318 · trees: 123 · shrubs: 95 · vines: 31 · ferns: 84.
Native plants by county
| County | Native species | Garden-ready | Hardiness zones |
|---|---|---|---|
| Addison County | 859 | 362 | 5a |
| Bennington County | 741 | 298 | 5a–5b |
| Caledonia County | 512 | 221 | 4b |
| Chittenden County | 917 | 380 | 5a–5b |
| Essex County | 517 | 236 | 4a–4b |
| Franklin County | 497 | 226 | 4b–5a |
| Grand Isle County | 354 | 167 | 5a–5b |
| Lamoille County | 479 | 232 | 4b–5a |
| Orange County | 542 | 236 | 4b–5a |
| Orleans County | 592 | 272 | 4a–5a |
| Rutland County | 897 | 361 | 5a–5b |
| Washington County | 471 | 219 | 4b–5a |
| Windham County | 837 | 344 | 5a–5b |
| Windsor County | 751 | 311 | 5a–5b |
Garden-ready natives of Vermont
Statewide list. A species native somewhere in Vermont may not be native in your county: use the county lists above to narrow it.
Tree 98
- Allegheny serviceberry Amelanchier laevis
- alternateleaf dogwood Cornus alternifolia
- American basswood Tilia americana
- American beech Fagus grandifolia
- American chestnut Castanea dentata
- American elm Ulmus americana
- American hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana
- American mountain ash Sorbus americana
- American plum Prunus americana
- American sycamore Platanus occidentalis
- American witchhazel Hamamelis virginiana
- arborvitae Thuja occidentalis
- balsam fir Abies balsamea
- balsam poplar Populus balsamifera
- beaked hazelnut Corylus cornuta
- bigtooth aspen Populus grandidentata
- bitternut hickory Carya cordiformis
- black ash Fraxinus nigra
- black cherry Prunus serotina
- black maple Acer nigrum
- black oak Quercus velutina
- black spruce Picea mariana
- black willow Salix nigra
- blackgum Nyssa sylvatica
- boxelder Acer negundo
- bur oak Quercus macrocarpa
- butternut Juglans cinerea
- Canadian plum Prunus nigra
- chestnut oak Quercus montana
- chinquapin oak Quercus muehlenbergii
- chokecherry Prunus virginiana
- cockspur hawthorn Crataegus crus-galli
- common buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis
- common hackberry Celtis occidentalis
- common hoptree Ptelea trifoliata
- common juniper Juniperus communis
- common serviceberry Amelanchier arborea
- common winterberry Ilex verticillata
- diamondleaf willow Salix planifolia
- eastern cottonwood Populus deltoides
- eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis
- eastern redcedar Juniperus virginiana
- eastern white pine Pinus strobus
- flowering dogwood Cornus florida
- gray alder Alnus incana
- gray birch Betula populifolia
- great laurel Rhododendron maximum
- green alder Alnus viridis
- green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
- hazel alder Alnus serrulata
- honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos
- hophornbeam Ostrya virginiana
- jack pine Pinus banksiana
- Missouri River willow Salix eriocephala
- mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia
- mountain maple Acer spicatum
- nannyberry Viburnum lentago
- northern bayberry Morella pensylvanica
- northern mountain ash Sorbus decora
- northern red oak Quercus rubra
- northern spicebush Lindera benzoin
- paper birch Betula papyrifera
- pignut hickory Carya glabra
- pin cherry Prunus pensylvanica
- pitch pine Pinus rigida
- pussy willow Salix discolor
- quaking aspen Populus tremuloides
- red elderberry Sambucus racemosa
- red maple Acer rubrum
- red mulberry Morus rubra
- red pine Pinus resinosa
- red spruce Picea rubens
- redosier dogwood Cornus sericea
- rock elm Ulmus thomasii
- roundleaf dogwood Cornus rugosa
- roundleaf serviceberry Amelanchier sanguinea
- sandbar willow Salix interior
- sassafras Sassafras albidum
- scarlet oak Quercus coccinea
- shagbark hickory Carya ovata
- shining willow Salix lucida
- silky willow Salix sericea
- silver maple Acer saccharinum
- slippery elm Ulmus rubra
- smooth sumac Rhus glabra
- southern arrowwood Viburnum recognitum
- staghorn sumac Rhus typhina
- striped maple Acer pensylvanicum
- sugar maple Acer saccharum
- swamp white oak Quercus bicolor
- sweet birch Betula lenta
- tamarack Larix laricina
- tuliptree Liriodendron tulipifera
- white ash Fraxinus americana
- white oak Quercus alba
- white spruce Picea glauca
- winged sumac Rhus copallinum
- yellow birch Betula alleghaniensis
Shrub 58
- alderleaf buckthorn Rhamnus alnifolia
- Allegheny blackberry Rubus allegheniensis
- American black currant Ribes americanum
- American hazelnut Corylus americana
- black chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa
- black crowberry Empetrum nigrum
- black huckleberry Gaylussacia baccata
- black raspberry Rubus occidentalis
- bog birch Betula pumila
- bog blueberry Vaccinium uliginosum
- bog Labrador tea Ledum groenlandicum
- bog laurel Kalmia polifolia
- bristly dewberry Rubus hispidus
- bunchberry dogwood Cornus canadensis
- Canada yew Taxus canadensis
- Carolina rose Rosa carolina
- common ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius
- common snowberry Symphoricarpos albus
- creeping juniper Juniperus horizontalis
- creeping snowberry Gaultheria hispidula
- deerberry Vaccinium stamineum
- downy arrowwood Viburnum rafinesqueanum
- dwarf bilberry Vaccinium cespitosum
- eastern teaberry Gaultheria procumbens
- false indigo bush Amorpha fruticosa
- gray dogwood Cornus racemosa
- highbush blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum
- hobblebush Viburnum lantanoides
- kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
- leatherleaf Chamaedaphne calyculata
- lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea
- lowbush blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium
- maleberry Lyonia ligustrina
- mapleleaf viburnum Viburnum acerifolium
- New Jersey tea Ceanothus americanus
- northern bush honeysuckle Diervilla lonicera
- pink azalea Rhododendron periclymenoides
- prairie willow Salix humilis
- prickly currant Ribes lacustre
- prickly rose Rosa acicularis
- purpleflowering raspberry Rubus odoratus
- red currant Ribes triste
- rhodora Rhododendron canadense
- sageleaf willow Salix candida
- sandcherry Prunus pumila
- shrubby cinquefoil Dasiphora fruticosa
- shrubby St. Johnswort Hypericum prolificum
- silky dogwood Cornus amomum
- squashberry Viburnum edule
- steeplebush Spiraea tomentosa
- swamp azalea Rhododendron viscosum
- swamp loosestrife Decodon verticillatus
- swamp rose Rosa palustris
- sweet fern Comptonia peregrina
- sweetgale Myrica gale
- Virginia rose Rosa virginiana
- white meadowsweet Spiraea alba
- woolly beachheather Hudsonia tomentosa
Wildflower (forb) 163
- alpine bistort Polygonum viviparum
- alpine sweetvetch Hedysarum alpinum
- American bur-reed Sparganium americanum
- American eelgrass Vallisneria americana
- American pokeweed Phytolacca americana
- American speedwell Veronica americana
- American water horehound Lycopus americanus
- American water plantain Alisma subcordatum
- American water-willow Justicia americana
- arctic sweet coltsfoot Petasites frigidus
- arumleaf arrowhead Sagittaria cuneata
- bigleaf aster Eurybia macrophylla
- blackeyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta
- blue cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides
- bluebead Clintonia borealis
- bluntleaf bedstraw Galium obtusum
- bluntseed sweetroot Osmorhiza depauperata
- bog goldenrod Solidago uliginosa
- bog willowherb Epilobium leptophyllum
- bottle gentian Gentiana clausa
- bristly buttercup Ranunculus hispidus
- broadfruit bur-reed Sparganium eurycarpum
- broadleaf arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia
- broadleaf cattail Typha latifolia
- broadlipped twayblade Listera convallarioides
- buckbean Menyanthes trifoliata
- bulbous bittercress Cardamine bulbosa
- butterfly milkweed Asclepias tuberosa
- calico aster Symphyotrichum lateriflorum
- Canada germander Teucrium canadense
- Canada goldenrod Solidago altissima
- Canada goldenrod Solidago canadensis
- Canadian horseweed Conyza canadensis
- Canadian lousewort Pedicularis canadensis
- Canadian milkvetch Astragalus canadensis
- Canadian waterweed Elodea canadensis
- cardinalflower Lobelia cardinalis
- common blue violet Viola sororia
- common blue wood aster Symphyotrichum cordifolium
- common cowparsnip Heracleum maximum
- common duckweed Lemna minor
- common evening primrose Oenothera biennis
- common goldstar Hypoxis hirsuta
- common mare's-tail Hippuris vulgaris
- common selfheal Prunella vulgaris
- coon's tail Ceratophyllum demersum
- cucumberleaf sunflower Helianthus debilis
- cup plant Silphium perfoliatum
- cutleaf coneflower Rudbeckia laciniata
- devil's beggartick Bidens frondosa
- ditch stonecrop Penthorum sedoides
- dotted smartweed Polygonum punctatum
- downy yellow violet Viola pubescens
- Drummond's rockcress Arabis drummondii
- dwarf St. Johnswort Hypericum mutilum
- field pussytoes Antennaria neglecta
- fineleaf pondweed Stuckenia filiformis
- fireweed Chamerion angustifolium
- flatstem pondweed Potamogeton zosteriformis
- floating pondweed Potamogeton natans
- giant goldenrod Solidago gigantea
- golden ragwort Packera aurea
- golden tickseed Coreopsis tinctoria
- gray goldenrod Solidago nemoralis
- great St. Johnswort Hypericum ascyron
- greater creeping spearwort Ranunculus flammula
- green arrow arum Peltandra virginica
- hairy lespedeza Lespedeza hirta
- hairy white oldfield aster Symphyotrichum pilosum
- hooded lady's tresses Spiranthes romanzoffiana
- horseflyweed Baptisia tinctoria
- Indianhemp Apocynum cannabinum
- Jack in the pulpit Arisaema triphyllum
- Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus
- jewelweed Impatiens capensis
- lanceleaf tickseed Coreopsis lanceolata
- largeleaf avens Geum macrophyllum
- largeleaf pondweed Potamogeton amplifolius
- leafy pondweed Potamogeton foliosus
- lesser bladderwort Utricularia minor
- littleleaf buttercup Ranunculus abortivus
- longleaf pondweed Potamogeton nodosus
- longleaf starwort Stellaria longifolia
- maiden blue eyed Mary Collinsia parviflora
- marsh bellflower Campanula aparinoides
- marsh hedgenettle Stachys palustris
- marsh seedbox Ludwigia palustris
- moss phlox Phlox subulata
- narrowleaf blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium angustifolium
- narrowleaf water plantain Alisma gramineum
- New York aster Symphyotrichum novi-belgii
- nodding beggartick Bidens cernua
- nodding waternymph Najas flexilis
- northern bedstraw Galium boreale
- northern St. Johnswort Hypericum boreale
- northern water-starwort Callitriche hermaphroditica
- orangegrass Hypericum gentianoides
- Pacific anemone Anemone multifida
- pale touch-me-not Impatiens pallida
- panicledleaf ticktrefoil Desmodium paniculatum
- Pennsylvania bittercress Cardamine pensylvanica
- Pennsylvania buttercup Ranunculus pensylvanicus
- Pennsylvania smartweed Polygonum pensylvanicum
- perplexed ticktrefoil Desmodium perplexum
- Philadelphia fleabane Erigeron philadelphicus
- pickerelweed Pontederia cordata
- pinnate prairie coneflower Ratibida pinnata
- prairie fleabane Erigeron strigosus
- purple avens Geum rivale
- purpleleaf willowherb Epilobium coloratum
- purplestem aster Symphyotrichum puniceum
- ribbonleaf pondweed Potamogeton epihydrus
- roadside agrimony Agrimonia striata
- Robbins' pondweed Potamogeton robbinsii
- rough avens Geum laciniatum
- rough bedstraw Galium asprellum
- roughfruit amaranth Amaranthus tuberculatus
- roundhead lespedeza Lespedeza capitata
- roundleaf goldenrod Solidago patula
- sago pondweed Stuckenia pectinata
- silverweed cinquefoil Argentina anserina
- skunk cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus
- small beggarticks Bidens discoidea
- small enchanter's nightshade Circaea alpina
- small white violet Viola macloskeyi
- smallspike false nettle Boehmeria cylindrica
- smooth blue aster Symphyotrichum laeve
- smooth hedgenettle Stachys tenuifolia
- southern waternymph Najas guadalupensis
- spotted joe pye weed Eutrochium maculatum
- spotted St. Johnswort Hypericum punctatum
- spring avens Geum vernum
- star duckweed Lemna trisulca
- stiff marsh bedstraw Galium tinctorium
- swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata
- swamp smartweed Polygonum hydropiperoides
- sweetflag Acorus americanus
- tall cinquefoil Potentilla arguta
- tall hairy agrimony Agrimonia gryposepala
- threelobe beggarticks Bidens tripartita
- tufted loosestrife Lysimachia thyrsiflora
- twoheaded water-starwort Callitriche heterophylla
- variableleaf pondweed Potamogeton gramineus
- vernal water-starwort Callitriche palustris
- Virginia spiderwort Tradescantia virginiana
- Virginia water horehound Lycopus virginicus
- water knotweed Polygonum amphibium
- waterthread pondweed Potamogeton diversifolius
- western pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea
- white avens Geum canadense
- white doll's daisy Boltonia asteroides
- white panicle aster Symphyotrichum lanceolatum
- white sagebrush Artemisia ludoviciana
- whitestem pondweed Potamogeton praelongus
- wild bergamot Monarda fistulosa
- wild blue phlox Phlox divaricata
- wild sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis
- wild sweetwilliam Phlox maculata
- woolly plantain Plantago patagonica
- wreath goldenrod Solidago caesia
- wrinkleleaf goldenrod Solidago rugosa
- yellow marsh marigold Caltha palustris
- zigzag goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis
Grass or grass-like 145
- American beachgrass Ammophila breviligulata
- annual wildrice Zizania aquatica
- arctic brome Bromus kalmii
- awlfruit sedge Carex stipata
- Bailey's sedge Carex baileyi
- Bebb's sedge Carex bebbii
- Bicknell's sedge Carex bicknellii
- big bluestem Andropogon gerardii
- Bigelow's sedge Carex bigelowii
- blister sedge Carex vesicaria
- bluejoint Calamagrostis canadensis
- blunt broom sedge Carex tribuloides
- blunt spikerush Eleocharis obtusa
- bog muhly Muhlenbergia uniflora
- bristlystalked sedge Carex leptalea
- broadleaf rosette grass Dichanthelium latifolium
- broom sedge Carex scoparia
- bur-reed sedge Carex sparganioides
- Bush's sedge Carex bushii
- Canada wildrye Elymus canadensis
- Canadian rush Juncus canadensis
- cattail sedge Carex typhina
- clustered field sedge Carex praegracilis
- common rush Juncus effusus
- common spikerush Eleocharis palustris
- common threesquare Schoenoplectus pungens
- composite dropseed Sporobolus compositus
- crested sedge Carex cristatella
- deertongue Dichanthelium clandestinum
- Dewey sedge Carex deweyana
- drooping sedge Carex prasina
- drooping woodreed Cinna latifolia
- eastern rough sedge Carex scabrata
- eastern woodland sedge Carex blanda
- fall panicgrass Panicum dichotomiflorum
- flattened oatgrass Danthonia compressa
- fowl bluegrass Poa palustris
- fowl mannagrass Glyceria striata
- fox sedge Carex vulpinoidea
- fragrant flatsedge Cyperus odoratus
- fringed brome Bromus ciliatus
- fringed sedge Carex crinita
- Georgia bulrush Scirpus georgianus
- glaucous bluegrass Poa glauca
- golden sedge Carex aurea
- graceful sedge Carex gracillima
- grassleaf rush Juncus marginatus
- Gray's sedge Carex grayi
- greater bladder sedge Carex intumescens
- greater straw sedge Carex normalis
- green bulrush Scirpus atrovirens
- hairy sedge Carex lacustris
- hairyfruit sedge Carex trichocarpa
- hardstem bulrush Schoenoplectus acutus
- hop sedge Carex lupulina
- Indiangrass Sorghastrum nutans
- inland sedge Carex interior
- jointleaf rush Juncus articulatus
- knotted rush Juncus nodosus
- lakeshore sedge Carex lenticularis
- lesser panicled sedge Carex diandra
- limestone meadow sedge Carex granularis
- little bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium
- little green sedge Carex viridula
- livid sedge Carex livida
- longhair sedge Carex comosa
- lopsided rush Juncus secundus
- Malabar sprangletop Leptochloa fusca
- marsh muhly Muhlenbergia racemosa
- melic mannagrass Glyceria melicaria
- Mexican muhly Muhlenbergia mexicana
- mud sedge Carex limosa
- necklace sedge Carex projecta
- needle spikerush Eleocharis acicularis
- nerveless woodland sedge Carex leptonervia
- nimblewill Muhlenbergia schreberi
- nodding fescue Festuca subverticillata
- northern singlespike sedge Carex scirpoidea
- Northwest Territory sedge Carex utriculata
- Nuttall's alkaligrass Puccinellia nuttalliana
- oval-leaf sedge Carex cephalophora
- panicled bulrush Scirpus microcarpus
- poverty rush Juncus tenuis
- prairie cordgrass Spartina pectinata
- prairie Junegrass Koeleria macrantha
- prairie wedgescale Sphenopholis obtusata
- prickly bog sedge Carex atlantica
- purple lovegrass Eragrostis spectabilis
- purpletop tridens Tridens flavus
- quill sedge Carex tenera
- rattlesnake mannagrass Glyceria canadensis
- redtop panicgrass Panicum rigidulum
- reed canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea
- rice cutgrass Leersia oryzoides
- river bulrush Bolboschoenus fluviatilis
- riverbank wildrye Elymus riparius
- rough bentgrass Agrostis scabra
- rufous bulrush Scirpus pendulus
- sand dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus
- shallow sedge Carex lurida
- shortawn foxtail Alopecurus aequalis
- silvery sedge Carex canescens
- slender bulrush Schoenoplectus heterochaetus
- slender cottongrass Eriophorum gracile
- slender flatsedge Cyperus bipartitus
- slender spikerush Eleocharis tenuis
- slender wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus
- slimstem reedgrass Calamagrostis stricta
- small floating mannagrass Glyceria borealis
- smallflowered woodrush Luzula parviflora
- smallhead rush Juncus brachycephalus
- softleaf sedge Carex disperma
- softstem bulrush Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
- spike bentgrass Agrostis exarata
- spike trisetum Trisetum spicatum
- spiked muhly Muhlenbergia glomerata
- spiked woodrush Luzula spicata
- stalked bulrush Scirpus pedicellatus
- star sedge Carex echinata
- strawcolored flatsedge Cyperus strigosus
- sweet woodreed Cinna arundinacea
- sweetgrass Hierochloe odorata
- switchgrass Panicum virgatum
- tapertip rush Juncus acuminatus
- tawny cottongrass Eriophorum virginicum
- teal lovegrass Eragrostis hypnoides
- three-way sedge Dulichium arundinaceum
- threeseeded sedge Carex trisperma
- toad rush Juncus bufonius
- Torrey's rush Juncus torreyi
- troublesome sedge Carex molesta
- tufted bulrush Trichophorum cespitosum
- tufted hairgrass Deschampsia cespitosa
- twisted sedge Carex torta
- upland bentgrass Agrostis perennans
- upright sedge Carex stricta
- Virginia wildrye Elymus virginicus
- water sedge Carex aquatilis
- wavy hairgrass Deschampsia flexuosa
- white edge sedge Carex debilis
- whitegrass Leersia virginica
- winter bentgrass Agrostis hyemalis
- wirestem muhly Muhlenbergia frondosa
- woodland muhly Muhlenbergia sylvatica
- woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus
Vine 10
- American bittersweet Celastrus scandens
- arrowleaf tearthumb Polygonum sagittatum
- beach pea Lathyrus japonicus
- devil's darning needles Clematis virginiana
- groundnut Apios americana
- riverbank grape Vitis riparia
- summer grape Vitis aestivalis
- threepetal bedstraw Galium trifidum
- trumpet honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens
- Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Fern 10
- cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea
- crested woodfern Dryopteris cristata
- field horsetail Equisetum arvense
- interrupted fern Osmunda claytoniana
- New York fern Thelypteris noveboracensis
- northern maidenhair Adiantum pedatum
- rattlesnake fern Botrychium virginianum
- stiff clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum
- water horsetail Equisetum fluviatile
- woodland horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum
Also listed as native and introduced here 7
PLANTS labels these species both native and introduced in this state: some forms are native and others were brought in from elsewhere. Most gardeners should choose plants from the main list.
- American red raspberryRubus idaeus
- annual ragweedAmbrosia artemisiifolia
- climbing false buckwheatPolygonum scandens
- common reedPhragmites australis
- hedge false bindweedCalystegia sepium
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensis
- wood bluegrassPoa nemoralis
Territories: Puerto Rico · U.S. Virgin Islands
Source & data date
- Source
- USDA NRCS PLANTS Database: county distribution records, native status and plant characteristics. CC0 (public domain dedication, per the data.gov catalog record).
- Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP): native or introduced status by state. CC BY 3.0.
- USGS US-RIIS (ver. 2.0): species listed as introduced are excluded. CC0.
- Citation
- USDA, NRCS. 2026. The PLANTS Database (https://plants.usda.gov, 11/04/2026). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA.
- Govaerts R. (ed.) (2026). WCVP: World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Data file dated 2026-06-04, http://sftp.kew.org/pub/data-repositories/WCVP/ (retrieved 2026-11-04). Paper: Govaerts R. et al. (2021) The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. Scientific Data 8, 215.
- Data date
- Retrieved from PLANTS on November 4, 2026; WCVP data file dated June 4, 2026.
- Zones
- USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023) ZIP table: PRISM Group, Oregon State University, https://prism.oregonstate.edu, accessed November 3, 2026. Plant zones on this site are our estimate, not the official map.
- Scope
- Vermont: 1,321 native species in this site’s scope; county lists for 14 counties.
- Method
- A species is listed when it is recorded as native to the state in Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants and USDA PLANTS, and recorded in the county by USDA PLANTS. Species PLANTS labels both native and introduced are listed separately. Full method · All sources