Tree · Salicaceae
Missouri River willow
Salix eriocephala
Missouri River willow is recorded as native to 31 states and territories in Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants and USDA PLANTS, and recorded in 676 counties of those states by USDA PLANTS.
Key facts · USDA PLANTS
Missouri River willow at a glance
- Native in
- 676 counties, across 31 states and territories
- Estimated cold hardiness
- Zone 3b PLANTS minimum temperature −38°F
- Mature height
- 52 ft PLANTS mature height
- Light and water
- Tolerates shade High water use
Estimated cold hardiness: zone 3b. PLANTS gives a minimum temperature of −38°F; zone 3b winters bottom out at −35°F, the coldest half-zone that stays within that limit.
Missouri River willow is recorded as native to 31 states and territories in Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants and USDA PLANTS, and recorded in 676 counties of those states by USDA PLANTS.
Counties where it is native
The 15 counties with the most ZIP codes among the 676 where it is listed.
Native counties by state
- Alabama 25 counties
- Arkansas 8 counties
- Connecticut statewide record
- Delaware 2 counties
- District of Columbia 1 county
- Florida 3 counties
- Georgia 9 counties
- Illinois 54 counties
- Indiana 2 counties
- Iowa 10 counties
- Kansas 10 counties
- Kentucky 11 counties
- Maine 16 counties
- Massachusetts 13 counties
- Michigan 52 counties
- Minnesota 60 counties
- Missouri 62 counties
- Nebraska 31 counties
- New Hampshire 10 counties
- New Jersey 16 counties
- New York 41 counties
- North Dakota 26 counties
- Ohio 61 counties
- Pennsylvania 66 counties
- Rhode Island 4 counties
- South Dakota 7 counties
- Tennessee 7 counties
- Vermont 14 counties
- Virginia 21 counties
- West Virginia 21 counties
- Wisconsin 13 counties
Growing traits
Values from the PLANTS characteristics record. “Not recorded” means PLANTS has no value; nothing here is estimated except the zone.
Growth
- Growth habit
- Shrub, Tree
- Duration
- Perennial
- Mature height
- 52 ft
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Growth form
- Rhizomatous
- Shape
- Erect
- Lifespan
- Long
- Active growth period
- Spring
Light and water
- Shade tolerance
- Tolerant (tolerates shade)
- Moisture use
- High water use
- Drought tolerance
- Low
- Tolerance of waterlogged soil
- High
- Precipitation range
- 20 to 50 in per year
Soil
- Soil textures
- Medium and fine
- pH range
- 4 to 7
- Lime (CaCO₃) tolerance
- Medium
- Salinity tolerance
- None
- Fertility requirement
- Low
- Minimum root depth
- 20 in
Climate
- Minimum temperature
- −38°F
- Estimated cold hardiness
- Zone 3b and warmer
- Minimum frost-free days
- 95
- Fire tolerance
- Medium
Flowers, leaves and fruit
- Flower color
- Green
- Showy flowers
- No
- Bloom period
- Spring
- Foliage color
- Green
- Showy in fall
- No
- Keeps leaves
- No
- Fruit color
- Not recorded
Other
- Toxicity
- None
- Nitrogen fixation
- None
- Nursery availability
- Routinely Available
- Family
- Salicaceae
- PLANTS symbol
- SAER
Source & data date
- Source
- USDA NRCS PLANTS Database: county distribution records, native status and plant characteristics. CC0 (public domain dedication, per the data.gov catalog record).
- Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP): native or introduced status by state. CC BY 3.0.
- USGS US-RIIS (ver. 2.0): species listed as introduced are excluded. CC0.
- Citation
- USDA, NRCS. 2026. The PLANTS Database (https://plants.usda.gov, 11/04/2026). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA.
- Govaerts R. (ed.) (2026). WCVP: World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Data file dated 2026-06-04, http://sftp.kew.org/pub/data-repositories/WCVP/ (retrieved 2026-11-04). Paper: Govaerts R. et al. (2021) The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. Scientific Data 8, 215.
- Data date
- Retrieved from PLANTS on November 4, 2026; WCVP data file dated June 4, 2026.
- Scope
- Salix eriocephala (PLANTS symbol SAER).
- Method
- A species is listed when it is recorded as native to the state in Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants and USDA PLANTS, and recorded in the county by USDA PLANTS. Species PLANTS labels both native and introduced are listed separately. Full method · All sources