Tree · Verbenaceae
Black mangrove
Avicennia germinans
Black mangrove is recorded as native to 4 states and territories in Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants and USDA PLANTS, and recorded in 35 counties of those states by USDA PLANTS.
Key facts · USDA PLANTS
Black mangrove at a glance
- Native in
- 35 counties, across 4 states and territories
- Estimated cold hardiness
- Zone 8a PLANTS minimum temperature 10°F
- Mature height
- 30 ft PLANTS mature height
- Light and water
- Full sun (shade-intolerant) High water use
Estimated cold hardiness: zone 8a. PLANTS gives a minimum temperature of 10°F; zone 8a winters bottom out at 10°F, the coldest half-zone that stays within that limit.
Black mangrove is recorded as native to 4 states and territories in Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants and USDA PLANTS, and recorded in 35 counties of those states by USDA PLANTS.
Counties where it is native
The 15 counties with the most ZIP codes among the 35 where it is listed.
Native counties by state
- Florida 22 counties
- Louisiana 5 counties
- Mississippi 1 county
- Texas 7 counties
Growing traits
Values from the PLANTS characteristics record. “Not recorded” means PLANTS has no value; nothing here is estimated except the zone.
Growth
- Growth habit
- Shrub, Tree
- Duration
- Perennial
- Mature height
- 30 ft
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Growth form
- Single Stem
- Shape
- Vase
- Lifespan
- Long
- Active growth period
- Year Round
Light and water
- Shade tolerance
- Intolerant (full sun (shade-intolerant))
- Moisture use
- High water use
- Drought tolerance
- Low
- Tolerance of waterlogged soil
- Medium
- Precipitation range
- 34 to 81 in per year
Soil
- Soil textures
- Medium and fine
- pH range
- 6 to 8
- Lime (CaCO₃) tolerance
- Medium
- Salinity tolerance
- Medium
- Fertility requirement
- Low
- Minimum root depth
- 24 in
Climate
- Minimum temperature
- 10°F
- Estimated cold hardiness
- Zone 8a and warmer
- Minimum frost-free days
- 328
- Fire tolerance
- Low
Flowers, leaves and fruit
- Flower color
- White
- Showy flowers
- Yes
- Bloom period
- Indeterminate
- Foliage color
- Dark Green
- Showy in fall
- Yes
- Keeps leaves
- Yes
- Fruit color
- Green
Other
- Toxicity
- Slight
- Nitrogen fixation
- None
- Nursery availability
- Routinely Available
- Family
- Verbenaceae
- PLANTS symbol
- AVGE
Source & data date
- Source
- USDA NRCS PLANTS Database: county distribution records, native status and plant characteristics. CC0 (public domain dedication, per the data.gov catalog record).
- Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP): native or introduced status by state. CC BY 3.0.
- USGS US-RIIS (ver. 2.0): species listed as introduced are excluded. CC0.
- Citation
- USDA, NRCS. 2026. The PLANTS Database (https://plants.usda.gov, 11/04/2026). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA.
- Govaerts R. (ed.) (2026). WCVP: World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Data file dated 2026-06-04, http://sftp.kew.org/pub/data-repositories/WCVP/ (retrieved 2026-11-04). Paper: Govaerts R. et al. (2021) The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. Scientific Data 8, 215.
- Data date
- Retrieved from PLANTS on November 4, 2026; WCVP data file dated June 4, 2026.
- Scope
- Avicennia germinans (PLANTS symbol AVGE).
- Method
- A species is listed when it is recorded as native to the state in Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants and USDA PLANTS, and recorded in the county by USDA PLANTS. Species PLANTS labels both native and introduced are listed separately. Full method · All sources