Native plants · Maine

Native plants of Hancock County

635 plant species are recorded as native to Maine in Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants and USDA PLANTS, and recorded in Hancock County by USDA PLANTS. 279 of them have growing records you can filter by light, moisture, height and estimated cold hardiness. 5 more species are listed as both native and introduced and kept in a separate section.

County summary · USDA PLANTS and Kew WCVP

Hancock County, Maine

Native species
635 Typical Maine county: 681 (median of 16 counties)
Garden-ready natives
279 Typical Maine county: 303
Share by type (all 635 native species)
Percent of the 635 native species in each growth type
Tree 11% (70)
Shrub 9% (60)
Wildflower (forb) 49% (309)
Grass or grass-like 23% (144)
Vine 2% (15)
Fern 6% (37)

Wildflowers make up the largest share of the native list (49%), followed by grasses and grass-like plants (23%).

Recorded native ranges can include long-established populations that spread from gardens; check your state’s native plant society list for local guidance. How native status is decided.

ZIP codes mainly in this county fall in USDA hardiness zones 5a to 6b (2023 map).

The native plant list

Cold hardiness is estimated from each plant’s PLANTS minimum temperature. How we estimate it.

Garden-ready natives 279

Native species with PLANTS growing records (height, light, moisture, minimum temperature). “—” means PLANTS has no value.

Garden-ready native plants of Hancock County, Maine
PlantType HeightLight Water useHardy to
alderleaf buckthorn Rhamnus alnifolia Shrub 3 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 4a
alkali buttercup Ranunculus cymbalaria Wildflower (forb) 1 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 3b
Allegheny blackberry Rubus allegheniensis Shrub 6 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4b
alternateleaf dogwood Cornus alternifolia Tree 25 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
American basswood Tilia americana Tree 100 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
American beachgrass Ammophila breviligulata Grass or grass-like 2.5 ft Sun Medium Zone 4b
American beech Fagus grandifolia Tree 80 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3a
American bittersweet Celastrus scandens Vine 15 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 3b
American black currant Ribes americanum Shrub 3 ft — — Zone 2b
American bur-reed Sparganium americanum Wildflower (forb) 3.2 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
American dunegrass Leymus mollis Grass or grass-like 4 ft Sun Medium Zone 8a
American elm Ulmus americana Tree 120 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 2b
American mountain ash Sorbus americana Tree 40 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
American speedwell Veronica americana Wildflower (forb) 10 in Shade-tolerant High Zone 3b
American water horehound Lycopus americanus Wildflower (forb) 1.8 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 3b
American witchhazel Hamamelis virginiana Tree 20 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4b
arborvitae Thuja occidentalis Tree 50 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
arctic brome Bromus kalmii Grass or grass-like 3 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 4a
arctic sweet coltsfoot Petasites frigidus Wildflower (forb) 10 in Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
arrowleaf tearthumb Polygonum sagittatum Vine 1 ft Sun Medium Zone 6a
Atlantic mannagrass Glyceria obtusa Grass or grass-like 3.3 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 6b
awlfruit sedge Carex stipata Grass or grass-like 3.5 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
balsam fir Abies balsamea Tree 60 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3a
balsam poplar Populus balsamifera Tree 80 ft Sun High Zone 1a
beach pea Lathyrus japonicus Vine 1.5 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
beaked hazelnut Corylus cornuta Tree 15 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
bigleaf aster Eurybia macrophylla Wildflower (forb) 4.6 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4b
bigtooth aspen Populus grandidentata Tree 65 ft Sun High Zone 3a
black ash Fraxinus nigra Tree 65 ft Sun High Zone 2b
black cherry Prunus serotina Tree 80 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
black chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa Shrub 6 ft Shade-tolerant — Zone 9b
black huckleberry Gaylussacia baccata Shrub 4 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 4a
black spruce Picea mariana Tree 65 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 1a
black willow Salix nigra Tree 100 ft Sun High Zone 1b
blackeyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta Wildflower (forb) 1 ft Sun Medium Zone 5a
blister sedge Carex vesicaria Grass or grass-like 3 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
bluebead Clintonia borealis Wildflower (forb) 1.1 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
bluejoint Calamagrostis canadensis Grass or grass-like 4.9 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
bog goldenrod Solidago uliginosa Wildflower (forb) 2.5 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 5a
bog Labrador tea Ledum groenlandicum Shrub 3 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
bog laurel Kalmia polifolia Shrub 1 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4b
bog muhly Muhlenbergia uniflora Grass or grass-like 1.2 ft Sun High Zone 4a
bog willowherb Epilobium leptophyllum Wildflower (forb) 3.6 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
boxelder Acer negundo Tree 60 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
bristly dewberry Rubus hispidus Shrub 2 ft Sun High Zone 3b
bristlystalked sedge Carex leptalea Grass or grass-like 1.5 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 4a
broadleaf arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia Wildflower (forb) 4.9 ft Sun High Zone 4a
broadleaf cattail Typha latifolia Wildflower (forb) 5 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
broom sedge Carex scoparia Grass or grass-like 2.5 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 3b
buckbean Menyanthes trifoliata Wildflower (forb) 10 in Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
bunchberry dogwood Cornus canadensis Shrub 6 in Shade-tolerant High Zone 4b
butternut Juglans cinerea Tree 80 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
calico aster Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Wildflower (forb) 4 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
Canada germander Teucrium canadense Wildflower (forb) 3.3 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3a
Canada goldenrod Solidago canadensis Wildflower (forb) 3.5 ft Sun Medium Zone 3a
Canada yew Taxus canadensis Shrub 5 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4b
Canadian horseweed Conyza canadensis Wildflower (forb) 5 ft Sun Medium Zone 12b
Canadian lousewort Pedicularis canadensis Wildflower (forb) 1.3 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3a
Canadian plum Prunus nigra Tree 9 ft Sun — Zone 9b
Canadian rush Juncus canadensis Grass or grass-like 3.2 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
Canadian serviceberry Amelanchier canadensis Tree 23 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
cardinalflower Lobelia cardinalis Wildflower (forb) 5.9 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 4a
Carolina rose Rosa carolina Shrub 5 ft Sun–part shade Low Zone 3a
chokecherry Prunus virginiana Tree 25 ft Sun Medium Zone 3a
cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea Fern 4.9 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
coastal sweetpepperbush Clethra alnifolia Shrub 16 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 5a
common blue violet Viola sororia Wildflower (forb) 4 in Sun–part shade High Zone 4b
common buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis Tree 15 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 4a
common cowparsnip Heracleum maximum Wildflower (forb) 8 ft Sun High Zone 3b
common evening primrose Oenothera biennis Wildflower (forb) 5 ft Sun Medium Zone 4b
common juniper Juniperus communis Tree 10 ft Sun Low Zone 3a
common mare's-tail Hippuris vulgaris Wildflower (forb) 2.8 ft Sun High Zone 3b
common ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius Shrub 10 ft Sun Low Zone 4a
common rush Juncus effusus Grass or grass-like 6.6 ft Sun Medium Zone 3b
common selfheal Prunella vulgaris Wildflower (forb) 1.5 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
common serviceberry Amelanchier arborea Tree 36 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
common snowberry Symphoricarpos albus Shrub 3 ft Sun Medium Zone 3b
common spikerush Eleocharis palustris Grass or grass-like 1.3 ft Sun High Zone 3b
common threesquare Schoenoplectus pungens Grass or grass-like 4.9 ft Sun High Zone 3b
common winterberry Ilex verticillata Tree 10 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4b
cosmopolitan bulrush Bolboschoenus maritimus Grass or grass-like 3.2 ft Sun Medium Zone 5a
creeping snowberry Gaultheria hispidula Shrub 6 in Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4b
crested woodfern Dryopteris cristata Fern 1.6 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 4a
devil's beggartick Bidens frondosa Wildflower (forb) 4 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 12a
devil's darning needles Clematis virginiana Vine 15 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
Dewey sedge Carex deweyana Grass or grass-like 3.8 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
downy yellow violet Viola pubescens Wildflower (forb) 1.3 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
drooping woodreed Cinna latifolia Grass or grass-like 4.5 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
Drummond's rockcress Arabis drummondii Wildflower (forb) 2 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
dwarf spikerush Eleocharis parvula Grass or grass-like 1.2 ft Sun Medium Zone 3b
dwarf St. Johnswort Hypericum mutilum Wildflower (forb) 2.6 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 5a
eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis Tree 105 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
eastern rough sedge Carex scabrata Grass or grass-like 3 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 4a
eastern teaberry Gaultheria procumbens Shrub 6 in Shade-tolerant Low Zone 4a
eastern white pine Pinus strobus Tree 150 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
field horsetail Equisetum arvense Fern 11 in Sun–part shade High Zone 3a
field pussytoes Antennaria neglecta Wildflower (forb) 1 ft Sun Low Zone 3b
fireweed Chamerion angustifolium Wildflower (forb) 5.5 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
flattened oatgrass Danthonia compressa Grass or grass-like 2.4 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
floating pondweed Potamogeton natans Wildflower (forb) — Sun High Zone 3b
fowl bluegrass Poa palustris Grass or grass-like 4 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
fowl mannagrass Glyceria striata Grass or grass-like 5.7 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
fox sedge Carex vulpinoidea Grass or grass-like 3.2 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
fringed brome Bromus ciliatus Grass or grass-like 4 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 7a
fringed sedge Carex crinita Grass or grass-like 5.2 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
giant goldenrod Solidago gigantea Wildflower (forb) 8.2 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
graceful sedge Carex gracillima Grass or grass-like 3 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
gray alder Alnus incana Tree 25 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
gray birch Betula populifolia Tree 25 ft Sun–part shade Low Zone 3b
gray goldenrod Solidago nemoralis Wildflower (forb) 2 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
greater bladder sedge Carex intumescens Grass or grass-like 3 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 4a
greater creeping spearwort Ranunculus flammula Wildflower (forb) 1.5 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 4a
green alder Alnus viridis Tree 10 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 1a
green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Tree 80 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
green bulrush Scirpus atrovirens Grass or grass-like 5.9 ft Sun Medium Zone 2a
groundnut Apios americana Vine 1 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 5a
hairy white oldfield aster Symphyotrichum pilosum Wildflower (forb) 3 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
hardstem bulrush Schoenoplectus acutus Grass or grass-like 9.8 ft Sun High Zone 3b
hazel alder Alnus serrulata Tree 30 ft Sun High Zone 5a
highbush blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum Shrub 12 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
hobblebush Viburnum lantanoides Shrub 10 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
hooded lady's tresses Spiranthes romanzoffiana Wildflower (forb) 2.5 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
hophornbeam Ostrya virginiana Tree 45 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 3b
Indianhemp Apocynum cannabinum Wildflower (forb) 3.3 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3a
inland sedge Carex interior Grass or grass-like 1.5 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
interrupted fern Osmunda claytoniana Fern 4 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 3b
Jack in the pulpit Arisaema triphyllum Wildflower (forb) 1.5 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 5b
jack pine Pinus banksiana Tree 80 ft Sun Low Zone 2a
jewelweed Impatiens capensis Wildflower (forb) 4.9 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 10b
jointleaf rush Juncus articulatus Grass or grass-like 2 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4b
kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Shrub 6 in Sun–part shade Low Zone 4a
lakeshore sedge Carex lenticularis Grass or grass-like 1.6 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
lavender thrift Limonium carolinianum Wildflower (forb) 2 ft Sun High Zone 6b
leatherleaf Chamaedaphne calyculata Shrub 4 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4b
lesser bladderwort Utricularia minor Wildflower (forb) 2 in Sun High Zone 3a
lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea Shrub 6 in Sun — Zone 1a
little green sedge Carex viridula Grass or grass-like 1.5 ft Sun High Zone 3b
littleleaf buttercup Ranunculus abortivus Wildflower (forb) 2.8 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3a
longleaf starwort Stellaria longifolia Wildflower (forb) 1.5 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 3b
lopsided rush Juncus secundus Grass or grass-like 1.5 ft Sun Low Zone 4a
lowbush blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium Shrub 2 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
mapleleaf viburnum Viburnum acerifolium Shrub 6 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4b
marsh bellflower Campanula aparinoides Wildflower (forb) 2 ft Sun High Zone 3b
marsh seedbox Ludwigia palustris Wildflower (forb) 2 in Sun High Zone 4a
melic mannagrass Glyceria melicaria Grass or grass-like 3.9 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
Missouri River willow Salix eriocephala Tree 52 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 3b
mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia Tree 6 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 5a
mountain maple Acer spicatum Tree 25 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
mud sedge Carex limosa Grass or grass-like 1.8 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
nannyberry Viburnum lentago Tree 28 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
narrowleaf blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium angustifolium Wildflower (forb) 2 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 7a
necklace sedge Carex projecta Grass or grass-like 2 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
needle spikerush Eleocharis acicularis Grass or grass-like 8 in Sun Medium Zone 5a
nerveless woodland sedge Carex leptonervia Grass or grass-like 2 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
New York aster Symphyotrichum novi-belgii Wildflower (forb) 6 ft Sun High Zone 4a
New York fern Thelypteris noveboracensis Fern 1.5 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 4b
nodding beggartick Bidens cernua Wildflower (forb) 3.2 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 12a
nodding lady's tresses Spiranthes cernua Wildflower (forb) 1.5 ft Sun High Zone 3b
nodding waternymph Najas flexilis Wildflower (forb) 2.5 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 12a
northern bayberry Morella pensylvanica Tree 12 ft Sun Medium Zone 4b
northern bush honeysuckle Diervilla lonicera Shrub 2.4 ft Sun–part shade Low Zone 5a
northern maidenhair Adiantum pedatum Fern 1.3 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
northern mountain ash Sorbus decora Tree 40 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 2a
northern red oak Quercus rubra Tree 81 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
northern St. Johnswort Hypericum boreale Wildflower (forb) 10 in Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
Northwest Territory sedge Carex utriculata Grass or grass-like 3.5 ft Sun High Zone 3a
Nuttall's alkaligrass Puccinellia nuttalliana Grass or grass-like 10 in Sun Medium Zone 3b
orangegrass Hypericum gentianoides Wildflower (forb) 2 ft Sun–part shade Low Zone 12a
panicled bulrush Scirpus microcarpus Grass or grass-like 5.5 ft Sun Medium Zone 3b
paper birch Betula papyrifera Tree 70 ft Sun High Zone 1a
Pennsylvania bittercress Cardamine pensylvanica Wildflower (forb) 1.5 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
pickerelweed Pontederia cordata Wildflower (forb) 3.2 ft Sun High Zone 5a
pin cherry Prunus pensylvanica Tree 30 ft Sun Medium Zone 3b
pipsissewa Chimaphila umbellata Shrub 1.5 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 3b
pitch pine Pinus rigida Tree 80 ft Sun Low Zone 3a
poverty rush Juncus tenuis Grass or grass-like 1.5 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
prairie cordgrass Spartina pectinata Grass or grass-like 8 ft Sun High Zone 3b
prairie fleabane Erigeron strigosus Wildflower (forb) 3 ft Sun Medium Zone 4b
prairie willow Salix humilis Shrub 10 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3a
prickly bog sedge Carex atlantica Grass or grass-like 1.8 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 5b
prickly currant Ribes lacustre Shrub 3 ft Shade-tolerant — Zone 1a
purpleflowering raspberry Rubus odoratus Shrub 5 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
purplestem aster Symphyotrichum puniceum Wildflower (forb) 8.1 ft Sun High Zone 3b
pussy willow Salix discolor Tree 40 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 4a
quaking aspen Populus tremuloides Tree 65 ft Sun High Zone 1a
quill sedge Carex tenera Grass or grass-like 2.5 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
rattlesnake mannagrass Glyceria canadensis Grass or grass-like 3.2 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
red elderberry Sambucus racemosa Tree 18 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
red maple Acer rubrum Tree 68 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 2b
red pine Pinus resinosa Tree 80 ft Sun Low Zone 3a
red spruce Picea rubens Tree 110 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
redosier dogwood Cornus sericea Tree 12 ft Sun High Zone 3b
reed canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea Grass or grass-like 5 ft Sun High Zone 3b
rhodora Rhododendron canadense Shrub 18 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 5a
ribbonleaf pondweed Potamogeton epihydrus Wildflower (forb) — Sun High Zone 4a
rice cutgrass Leersia oryzoides Grass or grass-like 4.9 ft Sun High Zone 4a
roadside agrimony Agrimonia striata Wildflower (forb) 6 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3a
Robbins' pondweed Potamogeton robbinsii Wildflower (forb) — Sun High Zone 3b
rough bentgrass Agrostis scabra Grass or grass-like 2.5 ft Sun Medium Zone 3b
roundleaf dogwood Cornus rugosa Tree 10 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 4b
roundleaf serviceberry Amelanchier sanguinea Tree 10 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3a
saltmeadow cordgrass Spartina patens Grass or grass-like 2 ft Sun High Zone 7a
sandcherry Prunus pumila Shrub 6 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 4a
sea milkwort Glaux maritima Wildflower (forb) 11 in Sun High Zone 4a
seaside goldenrod Solidago sempervirens Wildflower (forb) 3.5 ft Sun Low Zone 6a
shagbark hickory Carya ovata Tree 75 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3a
shallow sedge Carex lurida Grass or grass-like 3.2 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
shining willow Salix lucida Tree 13 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3a
shrubby cinquefoil Dasiphora fruticosa Shrub 2.5 ft Sun–part shade Low Zone 4b
silky dogwood Cornus amomum Shrub 10 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
silky willow Salix sericea Tree 12 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4b
silverweed cinquefoil Argentina anserina Wildflower (forb) 6 in Shade-tolerant High Zone 5a
silvery sedge Carex canescens Grass or grass-like 2 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
skunk cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus Wildflower (forb) 2 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 4a
slender spikerush Eleocharis tenuis Grass or grass-like 2.9 ft Sun Low Zone 5a
slender wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus Grass or grass-like 3 ft Sun Medium Zone 3b
slimstem reedgrass Calamagrostis stricta Grass or grass-like 3 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3a
small enchanter's nightshade Circaea alpina Wildflower (forb) 11 in Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
small floating mannagrass Glyceria borealis Grass or grass-like 4.9 ft Sun High Zone 4a
smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora Grass or grass-like 3.5 ft Sun High Zone 5a
softleaf sedge Carex disperma Grass or grass-like 2 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
softstem bulrush Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Grass or grass-like 9 ft Sun High Zone 3b
southern arrowwood Viburnum dentatum Tree 8 ft Sun–part shade — Zone 5a
spike trisetum Trisetum spicatum Grass or grass-like 1.9 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
spiked muhly Muhlenbergia glomerata Grass or grass-like 3 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
spotted joe pye weed Eutrochium maculatum Wildflower (forb) 6 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4b
staghorn sumac Rhus typhina Tree 30 ft Sun–part shade Low Zone 4a
star sedge Carex echinata Grass or grass-like 1.5 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
steeplebush Spiraea tomentosa Shrub 4 ft Sun Low Zone 4a
stiff clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum Fern 1 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 3a
striped maple Acer pensylvanicum Tree 35 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 2b
sugar maple Acer saccharum Tree 100 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
swamp loosestrife Decodon verticillatus Shrub 8 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 5a
swamp rose Rosa palustris Shrub 8.2 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
sweet fern Comptonia peregrina Shrub 2 ft Sun–part shade Low Zone 3b
sweetgale Myrica gale Shrub 6 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
sweetgrass Hierochloe odorata Grass or grass-like 2 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
tall cinquefoil Potentilla arguta Wildflower (forb) 3 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
tall cottongrass Eriophorum angustifolium Grass or grass-like 2 ft Sun High Zone 3a
tall hairy agrimony Agrimonia gryposepala Wildflower (forb) 5.9 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3a
tamarack Larix laricina Tree 80 ft Sun Medium Zone 1a
tawny cottongrass Eriophorum virginicum Grass or grass-like 3.9 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
three-way sedge Dulichium arundinaceum Grass or grass-like 2.6 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
threelobe beggarticks Bidens tripartita Wildflower (forb) 3.5 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 12a
threepetal bedstraw Galium trifidum Vine 10 in Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
threeseeded sedge Carex trisperma Grass or grass-like 1.9 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 4a
toad rush Juncus bufonius Grass or grass-like 1 ft Sun Medium Zone 12a
tufted bulrush Trichophorum cespitosum Grass or grass-like 1.3 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3a
tufted hairgrass Deschampsia cespitosa Grass or grass-like 3.4 ft Sun Low Zone 3b
tufted loosestrife Lysimachia thyrsiflora Wildflower (forb) 2 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
upland bentgrass Agrostis perennans Grass or grass-like 3.5 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
upright sedge Carex stricta Grass or grass-like 4.2 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
variableleaf pondweed Potamogeton gramineus Wildflower (forb) — Sun High Zone 3b
vernal water-starwort Callitriche palustris Wildflower (forb) 10 in Sun Medium Zone 4a
Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia Vine 1 ft Sun–part shade Low Zone 4b
Virginia rose Rosa virginiana Shrub 6 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 5b
Virginia wildrye Elymus virginicus Grass or grass-like 2.5 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4b
water horsetail Equisetum fluviatile Fern 3 ft Sun High Zone 4a
water knotweed Polygonum amphibium Wildflower (forb) 1 in Sun High Zone 5a
wavy hairgrass Deschampsia flexuosa Grass or grass-like 2.6 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
western pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea Wildflower (forb) 3 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3a
white ash Fraxinus americana Tree 90 ft Sun High Zone 4a
white avens Geum canadense Wildflower (forb) 3.9 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
white edge sedge Carex debilis Grass or grass-like 3 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 6a
white meadowsweet Spiraea alba Shrub 3 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
white oak Quercus alba Tree 100 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3a
white panicle aster Symphyotrichum lanceolatum Wildflower (forb) 6 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
white spruce Picea glauca Tree 100 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 1a
widgeongrass Ruppia maritima Wildflower (forb) 2 in Sun High Zone 7a
wild sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis Wildflower (forb) 1.5 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
winter bentgrass Agrostis hyemalis Grass or grass-like 3.5 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
wirestem muhly Muhlenbergia frondosa Grass or grass-like 2 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
woodland horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum Fern 11 in Shade-tolerant Low Zone 3a
woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus Grass or grass-like 4.9 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
woolly beachheather Hudsonia tomentosa Shrub 1 ft Sun Low Zone 6a
wreath goldenrod Solidago caesia Wildflower (forb) 3 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4b
wrinkleleaf goldenrod Solidago rugosa Wildflower (forb) 3.3 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
yellow birch Betula alleghaniensis Tree 75 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 2b
zigzag goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis Wildflower (forb) 3 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 5b

Other native species recorded here 356

PLANTS has no growing records for these, so light, moisture, height and zone filters cannot include them. Many are wild species seldom sold by nurseries.

  • Allegheny hawkweed Hieracium paniculatum
  • allegheny vine Adlumia fungosa
  • alpine bulrush Trichophorum alpinum
  • alpine violet Viola labradorica
  • American burnweed Erechtites hieraciifolius
  • American false pennyroyal Hedeoma pulegioides
  • American fly honeysuckle Lonicera canadensis
  • American golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium americanum
  • American hogpeanut Amphicarpaea bracteata
  • American mannagrass Glyceria grandis
  • American marshpennywort Hydrocotyle americana
  • American searocket Cakile edentula
  • American spikenard Aralia racemosa
  • American spurred gentian Halenia deflexa
  • American white waterlily Nymphaea odorata
  • American wintergreen Pyrola americana
  • annual seepweed Suaeda linearis
  • Appalachian stitchwort Minuartia glabra
  • arrowleaf violet Viola sagittata
  • bayonet rush Juncus militaris
  • bear oak Quercus ilicifolia
  • Bebb willow Salix bebbiana
  • beechdrops Epifagus virginiana
  • Bicknell's cranesbill Geranium bicknellii
  • bigleaf lupine Lupinus polyphyllus
  • blisterwort Ranunculus recurvatus
  • Blue Ridge sedge Carex lucorum
  • bluntleaf sandwort Moehringia lateriflora
  • bluntleaved orchid Platanthera obtusata
  • bog rosemary Andromeda polifolia
  • bog white violet Viola lanceolata
  • bog yellowcress Rorippa palustris
  • bog yelloweyed grass Xyris difformis
  • boreal bog sedge Carex magellanica
  • boreal starwort Stellaria borealis
  • bottlebrush sedge Carex hystericina
  • bright green spikerush Eleocharis olivacea
  • bristly sarsaparilla Aralia hispida
  • brittle bladderfern Cystopteris fragilis
  • broad beechfern Phegopteris hexagonoptera
  • broad looseflower sedge Carex laxiflora
  • brown beaksedge Rhynchospora fusca
  • brownfruit rush Juncus pelocarpus
  • brownish beaksedge Rhynchospora capitellata
  • brownish sedge Carex brunnescens
  • bulblet-bearing water hemlock Cicuta bulbifera
  • bushy knotweed Polygonum ramosissimum
  • Buxbaum's sedge Carex buxbaumii
  • Canada lettuce Lactuca canadensis
  • Canada lily Lilium canadense
  • Canada mayflower Maianthemum canadense
  • Canada toadflax Nuttallanthus canadensis
  • carelessweed Cyclachaena xanthiifolia
  • Carey's smartweed Polygonum careyi
  • catberry Ilex mucronata
  • checkered rattlesnake plantain Goodyera tesselata
  • cheerful sunflower Helianthus ×laetiflorus
  • Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides
  • claspingleaf pondweed Potamogeton perfoliatus
  • claspleaf twistedstalk Streptopus amplexifolius
  • Clayton's sweetroot Osmorhiza claytonii
  • Clinton's woodfern Dryopteris clintoniana
  • clustered sedge Carex cumulata
  • coastal sedge Carex exilis
  • combleaf mermaidweed Proserpinaca pectinata
  • common bladderwort Utricularia macrorhiza
  • common boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum
  • common cinquefoil Potentilla simplex
  • common marsh bedstraw Galium palustre
  • common threeseed mercury Acalypha rhomboidea
  • common yellow oxalis Oxalis stricta
  • cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon
  • Crawford's sedge Carex crawfordii
  • curlytop knotweed Polygonum lapathifolium
  • cutleaf evening primrose Oenothera laciniata
  • cutleaf grapefern Botrychium dissectum
  • cypress-like sedge Carex pseudocyperus
  • deeproot clubmoss Lycopodium tristachyum
  • densetuft hairsedge Bulbostylis capillaris
  • dogtooth violet Erythronium americanum
  • Dortmann's cardinalflower Lobelia dortmanna
  • downy goldenrod Solidago puberula
  • downy rattlesnake plantain Goodyera pubescens
  • downy willowherb Epilobium strictum
  • dragon's mouth Arethusa bulbosa
  • drooping woodland sedge Carex arctata
  • dryspike sedge Carex siccata
  • dwarf red blackberry Rubus pubescens
  • early goldenrod Solidago juncea
  • early saxifrage Saxifraga virginiensis
  • earth loosestrife Lysimachia terrestris
  • eastern daisy fleabane Erigeron annuus
  • eastern hayscented fern Dennstaedtia punctilobula
  • eastern hemlockparsley Conioselinum chinense
  • eastern purple bladderwort Utricularia purpurea
  • Eaton's rosette grass Dichanthelium spretum
  • false melic Schizachne purpurascens
  • feathery false lily of the valley Maianthemum racemosum
  • fewflower sedge Carex pauciflora
  • fewnerved cottongrass Eriophorum tenellum
  • fewseed sedge Carex oligosperma
  • fibrousroot sedge Carex communis
  • fireberry hawthorn Crataegus chrysocarpa
  • flat-top goldentop Euthamia graminifolia
  • flatleaf bladderwort Utricularia intermedia
  • fleshy hawthorn Crataegus succulenta
  • fragrant bedstraw Galium triflorum
  • fringed willowherb Epilobium ciliatum
  • gall of the earth Prenanthes trifoliolata
  • gaywings Polygala paucifolia
  • golden zizia Zizia aurea
  • grassy arrowhead Sagittaria graminea
  • greater purple fringed orchid Platanthera grandiflora
  • greater water dock Rumex orbiculatus
  • green adder's-mouth orchid Malaxis unifolia
  • green carpetweed Mollugo verticillata
  • green false hellebore Veratrum viride
  • green fringed orchid Platanthera lacera
  • Greene's rush Juncus greenei
  • greenflowered wintergreen Pyrola chlorantha
  • groundcedar Lycopodium complanatum
  • hairy lettuce Lactuca hirsuta
  • hairy Solomon's seal Polygonatum pubescens
  • hairy woodrush Luzula acuminata
  • hairystem gooseberry Ribes hirtellum
  • handsome Harry Rhexia virginica
  • harlequin blueflag Iris versicolor
  • hay sedge Carex argyrantha
  • Hayden's sedge Carex haydenii
  • heartleaf twayblade Listera cordata
  • hemlock waterparsnip Sium suave
  • hiddenfruit bladderwort Utricularia geminiscapa
  • hookedspur violet Viola adunca
  • Hooker's orchid Platanthera hookeri
  • horned bladderwort Utricularia cornuta
  • horned pondweed Zannichellia palustris
  • Howell's pussytoes Antennaria howellii
  • humped bladderwort Utricularia gibba
  • Huron green orchid Platanthera huronensis
  • Indian cucumber Medeola virginiana
  • Indian-tobacco Lobelia inflata
  • Indianpipe Monotropa uniflora
  • inundated clubmoss Lycopodiella inundata
  • king of the meadow Thalictrum pubescens
  • lanceleaf figwort Scrophularia lanceolata
  • large St. Johnswort Hypericum majus
  • largebracted plantain Plantago aristata
  • largepod pinweed Lechea intermedia
  • lavender bladderwort Utricularia resupinata
  • leathery grapefern Botrychium multifidum
  • lesser Canadian St. Johnswort Hypericum canadense
  • lesser purple fringed orchid Platanthera psycodes
  • lesser rattlesnake plantain Goodyera repens
  • lesser roundleaved orchid Platanthera orbiculata
  • lesser yellow lady's slipper Cypripedium parviflorum
  • limp mannagrass Glyceria laxa
  • Lindley's aster Symphyotrichum ciliolatum
  • little evening primrose Oenothera perennis
  • little floating bladderwort Utricularia radiata
  • little floatingheart Nymphoides cordata
  • little grapefern Botrychium simplex
  • long beechfern Phegopteris connectilis
  • longsepal beardtongue Penstemon calycosus
  • longstyle sweetroot Osmorhiza longistylis
  • low rough aster Eurybia radula
  • Macoun's cudweed Pseudognaphalium macounii
  • maidenhair spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes
  • mapleleaf goosefoot Chenopodium simplex
  • marginal woodfern Dryopteris marginalis
  • marsh arrowgrass Triglochin palustris
  • marsh blue violet Viola cucullata
  • marsh mermaidweed Proserpinaca palustris
  • marsh pea Lathyrus palustris
  • marsh skullcap Scutellaria galericulata
  • marsh willowherb Epilobium palustre
  • Maryland sanicle Sanicula marilandica
  • matricary grapefern Botrychium matricariifolium
  • meadow willow Salix petiolaris
  • moccasin flower Cypripedium acaule
  • mountain ricegrass Piptatheropsis pungens
  • mountain woodsorrel Oxalis montana
  • naked miterwort Mitella nuda
  • narrowleaf bur-reed Sparganium angustifolium
  • narrowleaf cowwheat Melampyrum lineare
  • narrowpanicle rush Juncus brevicaudatus
  • neckweed Veronica peregrina
  • needletip blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium mucronatum
  • New England aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
  • northeastern sedge Carex cryptolepis
  • northern adderstongue Ophioglossum pusillum
  • northern bugleweed Lycopus uniflorus
  • northern dewberry Rubus flagellaris
  • northern evening primrose Oenothera parviflora
  • northern long sedge Carex folliculata
  • northern panicgrass Dichanthelium boreale
  • northern sedge Carex deflexa
  • northern selaginella Selaginella rupestris
  • northern shorthusk Brachyelytrum aristosum
  • northern slender lady's tresses Spiranthes lacera
  • northern water plantain Alisma triviale
  • Norwegian cinquefoil Potentilla norvegica
  • Oakes' evening primrose Oenothera oakesiana
  • Oakes' pondweed Potamogeton oakesianus
  • oldpasture bluegrass Poa saltuensis
  • oneflowered broomrape Orobanche uniflora
  • openfield sedge Carex conoidea
  • painted trillium Trillium undulatum
  • pale false mannagrass Torreyochloa pallida
  • pale sedge Carex pallescens
  • pale St. Johnswort Hypericum ellipticum
  • palespike lobelia Lobelia spicata
  • parasol sedge Carex umbellata
  • parasol whitetop Doellingeria umbellata
  • Parlin's pussytoes Antennaria parlinii
  • partridgeberry Mitchella repens
  • Pennsylvania pellitory Parietaria pensylvanica
  • Philadelphia panicgrass Panicum philadelphicum
  • pinesap Monotropa hypopitys
  • pitseed goosefoot Chenopodium berlandieri
  • pointedleaf ticktrefoil Desmodium glutinosum
  • poverty oatgrass Danthonia spicata
  • purple chokeberry Aronia ×prunifolia
  • purple marshlocks Comarum palustre
  • purple milkwort Polygala sanguinea
  • purple pitcherplant Sarracenia purpurea
  • Pursh seepweed Suaeda calceoliformis
  • rabbit-tobacco Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium
  • rannoch-rush Scheuchzeria palustris
  • rare clubmoss Lycopodium obscurum
  • red baneberry Actaea rubra
  • red columbine Aquilegia canadensis
  • rice button aster Symphyotrichum dumosum
  • Robbins' spikerush Eleocharis robbinsii
  • Robert geranium Geranium robertianum
  • robin runaway Dalibarda repens
  • rock harlequin Corydalis sempervirens
  • rock polypody Polypodium virginianum
  • rough hawkweed Hieracium scabrum
  • roughleaf ricegrass Oryzopsis asperifolia
  • roundleaf sundew Drosera rotundifolia
  • roundleaf yellow violet Viola rotundifolia
  • running clubmoss Lycopodium clavatum
  • running serviceberry Amelanchier stolonifera
  • rusty woodsia Woodsia ilvensis
  • salt sandspurry Spergularia salina
  • saltmeadow rush Juncus gerardii
  • scaldweed Cuscuta gronovii
  • scarlet beebalm Monarda didyma
  • scentbottle Platanthera dilatata
  • seaside arrowgrass Triglochin maritima
  • seaside sandplant Honckenya peploides
  • seawrack Zostera marina
  • sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis
  • Sesquehana sandcherry Prunus susquehanae
  • sessileleaf bellwort Uvularia sessilifolia
  • setose blackberry Rubus setosus
  • sevenangle pipewort Eriocaulon aquaticum
  • sheep laurel Kalmia angustifolia
  • shining clubmoss Huperzia lucidula
  • shortbeak sedge Carex brevior
  • showy lady's slipper Cypripedium reginae
  • shrubby fivefingers Sibbaldiopsis tridentata
  • sidebells wintergreen Orthilia secunda
  • silver false spleenwort Deparia acrostichoides
  • single delight Moneses uniflora
  • skullcap speedwell Veronica scutellata
  • skunk currant Ribes glandulosum
  • sleepy silene Silene antirrhina
  • slender fimbry Fimbristylis autumnalis
  • slender watermilfoil Myriophyllum tenellum
  • slender wedgescale Sphenopholis intermedia
  • slimleaf panicgrass Dichanthelium linearifolium
  • small bur-reed Sparganium natans
  • small cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos
  • small green wood orchid Platanthera clavellata
  • small pondweed Potamogeton pusillus
  • smallflower false foxglove Agalinis paupercula
  • smooth blackberry Rubus canadensis
  • smooth oxeye Heliopsis helianthoides
  • smooth rose Rosa blanda
  • smooth sawgrass Cladium mariscoides
  • snailseed pondweed Potamogeton bicupulatus
  • snakemouth orchid Pogonia ophioglossoides
  • spinulose woodfern Dryopteris carthusiana
  • spiral pondweed Potamogeton spirillus
  • spoonleaf sundew Drosera intermedia
  • spotted sandmat Chamaesyce maculata
  • spotted water hemlock Cicuta maculata
  • spreading dogbane Apocynum androsaemifolium
  • spreading sedge Carex laxiculmis
  • starflower Trientalis borealis
  • starry false lily of the valley Maianthemum stellatum
  • starved panicgrass Dichanthelium depauperatum
  • stout goldenrod Solidago squarrosa
  • strict blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium montanum
  • summer coralroot Corallorhiza maculata
  • swamp thistle Cirsium muticum
  • swamp verbena Verbena hastata
  • swaying bulrush Schoenoplectus subterminalis
  • sweet white violet Viola blanda
  • tall blue lettuce Lactuca biennis
  • tall rattlesnakeroot Prenanthes altissima
  • tall thimbleweed Anemone virginiana
  • thinleaf cottonsedge Eriophorum viridicarinatum
  • threadleaf crowfoot Ranunculus trichophyllus
  • threeleaf false lily of the valley Maianthemum trifolium
  • threeleaf goldthread Coptis trifolia
  • trailing arbutus Epigaea repens
  • triangle orache Atriplex prostrata
  • tuberous grasspink Calopogon tuberosus
  • tussock cottongrass Eriophorum vaginatum
  • twinflower Linnaea borealis
  • twistedstalk Streptopus lanceolatus
  • variegated scouringrush Equisetum variegatum
  • velvetleaf huckleberry Vaccinium myrtilloides
  • Viola ×primulifolia Viola ×primulifolia
  • Virginia chainfern Woodwardia virginica
  • Virginia marsh St. Johnswort Triadenum virginicum
  • Virginia pepperweed Lepidium virginicum
  • Virginia strawberry Fragaria virginiana
  • water arum Calla palustris
  • waterawlwort Subularia aquatica
  • waterplantain spearwort Ranunculus ambigens
  • watershield Brasenia schreberi
  • wavyleaf aster Symphyotrichum undulatum
  • waxflower shinleaf Pyrola elliptica
  • Welsh mudwort Limosella australis
  • western oakfern Gymnocarpium dryopteris
  • western poison ivy Toxicodendron rydbergii
  • whip-poor-will flower Trillium cernuum
  • white baneberry Actaea pachypoda
  • white beaksedge Rhynchospora alba
  • white goldenrod Solidago bicolor
  • white turtlehead Chelone glabra
  • white violet Viola renifolia
  • whitetinge sedge Carex albicans
  • whorl-leaf watermilfoil Myriophyllum verticillatum
  • whorled milkwort Polygala verticillata
  • whorled wood aster Oclemena acuminata
  • whorled yellow loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia
  • wild cucumber Echinocystis lobata
  • willowleaf aster Symphyotrichum praealtum
  • witchgrass Panicum capillare
  • woman's tobacco Antennaria plantaginifolia
  • wood anemone Anemone quinquefolia
  • wood lily Lilium philadelphicum
  • woodbine Parthenocissus vitacea
  • woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca
  • woollyfruit sedge Carex lasiocarpa
  • yellow avens Geum aleppicum
  • yellow coralroot Corallorhiza trifida
  • yellow loosestrife Lysimachia ×producta
  • yellow screwstem Bartonia virginica
  • yellow sedge Carex flava
  • yellow widelip orchid Liparis loeselii
  • yellowseed false pimpernel Lindernia dubia
Also listed as native and introduced here 5

PLANTS labels these species both native and introduced in this state: some forms are native and others were brought in from elsewhere. Most gardeners should choose plants from the main list.

Compared with Maine

The typical county is the median of the 16 Maine counties with PLANTS county records; the statewide figure counts every species native anywhere in the state. More species is not better or worse: counties differ in size, habitat and how thoroughly they have been surveyed.

Native species counts, Hancock County and Maine
MeasureHancock CountyTypical countyStatewide
Native species 635 681 1,278
Garden-ready natives 279 303 510
Tree 70 — 112
Shrub 60 — 95
Wildflower (forb) 309 — 636
Grass or grass-like 144 — 326
Vine 15 — 33
Fern 37 — 76

Neighboring counties

Counties that share a ZIP code with Hancock County.

Look up another ZIP

Matches your ZIP to the county it mostly lies in, then lists the plants recorded as native to your state (Kew’s World Checklist and USDA PLANTS) and recorded in that county by USDA PLANTS.

Source & data date

Source
USDA NRCS PLANTS Database: county distribution records, native status and plant characteristics. CC0 (public domain dedication, per the data.gov catalog record).
Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP): native or introduced status by state. CC BY 3.0.
USGS US-RIIS (ver. 2.0): species listed as introduced are excluded. CC0.
Citation
USDA, NRCS. 2026. The PLANTS Database (https://plants.usda.gov, 11/04/2026). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA.
Govaerts R. (ed.) (2026). WCVP: World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Data file dated 2026-06-04, http://sftp.kew.org/pub/data-repositories/WCVP/ (retrieved 2026-11-04). Paper: Govaerts R. et al. (2021) The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. Scientific Data 8, 215.
Data date
Retrieved from PLANTS on November 4, 2026; WCVP data file dated June 4, 2026.
Zones
USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023) ZIP table: PRISM Group, Oregon State University, https://prism.oregonstate.edu, accessed November 3, 2026. Plant zones on this site are our estimate, not the official map.
Scope
Hancock County (county FIPS 23009), Maine. 635 native species from PLANTS county distribution records; garden-ready = species with a PLANTS characteristics record.
Method
A species is listed when it is recorded as native to the state in Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants and USDA PLANTS, and recorded in the county by USDA PLANTS. Species PLANTS labels both native and introduced are listed separately. Full method · All sources

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