Native plants · Tennessee

Native plants of Washington County

287 plant species are recorded as native to Tennessee in Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants and USDA PLANTS, and recorded in Washington County by USDA PLANTS. 123 of them have growing records you can filter by light, moisture, height and estimated cold hardiness. 1 more species is listed as both native and introduced and kept in a separate section.

County summary · USDA PLANTS and Kew WCVP

Washington County, Tennessee

Native species
287 Typical Tennessee county: 450 (median of 95 counties)
Garden-ready natives
123 Typical Tennessee county: 182
Share by type (all 287 native species)
Percent of the 287 native species in each growth type
Tree 15% (44)
Shrub 8% (23)
Wildflower (forb) 40% (115)
Grass or grass-like 20% (56)
Vine 6% (18)
Fern 11% (31)

Wildflowers make up the largest share of the native list (40%), followed by grasses and grass-like plants (20%).

Recorded native ranges can include long-established populations that spread from gardens; check your state’s native plant society list for local guidance. How native status is decided.

ZIP codes mainly in this county fall in USDA hardiness zones 7a to 7b (2023 map).

The native plant list

Cold hardiness is estimated from each plant’s PLANTS minimum temperature. How we estimate it.

Garden-ready natives 123

Native species with PLANTS growing records (height, light, moisture, minimum temperature). “—” means PLANTS has no value.

Garden-ready native plants of Washington County, Tennessee
PlantType HeightLight Water useHardy to
Allegheny serviceberry Amelanchier laevis Tree 35 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
alternateleaf dogwood Cornus alternifolia Tree 25 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
American basswood Tilia americana Tree 100 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
American bellflower Campanulastrum americanum Wildflower (forb) 6 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 12b
American chestnut Castanea dentata Tree 115 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
American elm Ulmus americana Tree 120 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 2b
American water horehound Lycopus americanus Wildflower (forb) 1.8 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 3b
American wisteria Wisteria frutescens Vine 50 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 7a
arborvitae Thuja occidentalis Tree 50 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
arrowleaf tearthumb Polygonum sagittatum Vine 1 ft Sun Medium Zone 6a
autumn bluegrass Poa autumnalis Grass or grass-like 1.5 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 6b
beaked hazelnut Corylus cornuta Tree 15 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
big bluestem Andropogon gerardii Grass or grass-like 6 ft Sun Low Zone 2b
bigtooth aspen Populus grandidentata Tree 65 ft Sun High Zone 3a
black huckleberry Gaylussacia baccata Shrub 4 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 4a
black raspberry Rubus occidentalis Shrub 6 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4b
blackhaw Viburnum prunifolium Tree 16 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
blunt broom sedge Carex tribuloides Grass or grass-like 3 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4b
blunt spikerush Eleocharis obtusa Grass or grass-like 1.6 ft Sun Medium Zone 11a
bottle gentian Gentiana clausa Wildflower (forb) 1.5 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
broadleaf arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia Wildflower (forb) 4.9 ft Sun High Zone 4a
broomsedge bluestem Andropogon virginicus Grass or grass-like 3 ft Sun Medium Zone 5b
burningbush Euonymus atropurpureus Tree 10 ft Shade-tolerant Low —
bursting-heart Euonymus americanus Wildflower (forb) 6 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 5a
bushy St. Johnswort Hypericum densiflorum Shrub 6.6 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 8a
Canada goldenrod Solidago canadensis Wildflower (forb) 3.5 ft Sun Medium Zone 3a
Canadian lousewort Pedicularis canadensis Wildflower (forb) 1.3 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3a
Carolina buckthorn Frangula caroliniana Tree 20 ft Shade-tolerant — Zone 4b
Carolina elephantsfoot Elephantopus carolinianus Wildflower (forb) 2.7 ft Sun Medium Zone 6a
Carolina hemlock Tsuga caroliniana Tree 65 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 7b
Carolina rose Rosa carolina Shrub 5 ft Sun–part shade Low Zone 3a
chestnut oak Quercus montana Tree 73 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
chinquapin oak Quercus muehlenbergii Tree 70 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea Fern 4.9 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
common blue wood aster Symphyotrichum cordifolium Wildflower (forb) 5 ft Sun Low Zone 3b
common buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis Tree 15 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 4a
common cowparsnip Heracleum maximum Wildflower (forb) 8 ft Sun High Zone 3b
common goldstar Hypoxis hirsuta Wildflower (forb) 10 in Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
common hoptree Ptelea trifoliata Tree 25 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
common rush Juncus effusus Grass or grass-like 6.6 ft Sun Medium Zone 3b
common spikerush Eleocharis palustris Grass or grass-like 1.3 ft Sun High Zone 3b
coralberry Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Shrub 2 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 5a
cursed buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus Wildflower (forb) 2 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 12b
deertongue Dichanthelium clandestinum Grass or grass-like 2 ft Sun Low Zone 4a
eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis Tree 105 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
eastern redbud Cercis canadensis Tree 30 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 4b
eastern white pine Pinus strobus Tree 150 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
fall panicgrass Panicum dichotomiflorum Grass or grass-like 3.3 ft Sun High Zone 3a
false indigo bush Amorpha fruticosa Shrub 15 ft Sun Low Zone 3b
field horsetail Equisetum arvense Fern 11 in Sun–part shade High Zone 3a
fox sedge Carex vulpinoidea Grass or grass-like 3.2 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
fringed sedge Carex crinita Grass or grass-like 5.2 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
frost grape Vitis vulpina Vine 83 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 5a
giant cane Arundinaria gigantea Shrub 25 ft Sun Medium Zone 5a
grassleaf rush Juncus marginatus Grass or grass-like 2 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 5a
great laurel Rhododendron maximum Tree 25 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 6a
green arrow arum Peltandra virginica Wildflower (forb) 2.3 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 5a
green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Tree 80 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 2b
harvestlice Agrimonia parviflora Wildflower (forb) 6 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos Tree 70 ft Sun Medium Zone 3b
hophornbeam Ostrya virginiana Tree 45 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 3b
horseflyweed Baptisia tinctoria Wildflower (forb) 2.5 ft Sun Low Zone 7b
Indian woodoats Chasmanthium latifolium Grass or grass-like 4.6 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
interrupted fern Osmunda claytoniana Fern 4 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 3b
Kentucky coffeetree Gymnocladus dioicus Tree 100 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
little bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium Grass or grass-like 3 ft Sun Low Zone 3b
maleberry Lyonia ligustrina Shrub 9 ft Shade-tolerant — Zone 5a
mountain false indigo Amorpha glabra Shrub 16 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 7a
mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia Tree 6 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 5a
mountain magnolia Magnolia fraseri Tree 75 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 6a
narrowleaf blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium angustifolium Wildflower (forb) 2 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 7a
New Jersey tea Ceanothus americanus Shrub 3 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 4b
New York fern Thelypteris noveboracensis Fern 1.5 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 4b
nimblewill Muhlenbergia schreberi Grass or grass-like 3.2 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 4a
northern maidenhair Adiantum pedatum Fern 1.3 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
Pennsylvania bittercress Cardamine pensylvanica Wildflower (forb) 1.5 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
peppervine Nekemias arborea Vine 1 in Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 6a
pitch pine Pinus rigida Tree 80 ft Sun Low Zone 3a
possumhaw Viburnum nudum Tree 15 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
post oak Quercus stellata Tree 60 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
poverty rush Juncus tenuis Grass or grass-like 1.5 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 3b
purple lovegrass Eragrostis spectabilis Grass or grass-like 11 in Sun Low Zone 3a
purplehead sneezeweed Helenium flexuosum Wildflower (forb) 3.2 ft Sun Low Zone 4b
purplestem aster Symphyotrichum puniceum Wildflower (forb) 8.1 ft Sun High Zone 3b
purpletop tridens Tridens flavus Grass or grass-like 2.5 ft Sun Low Zone 5a
rattlesnake fern Botrychium virginianum Fern 1.4 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
rice cutgrass Leersia oryzoides Grass or grass-like 4.9 ft Sun High Zone 4a
roundleaf greenbrier Smilax rotundifolia Vine 1 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
scarlet oak Quercus coccinea Tree 70 ft Sun Medium Zone 4b
shallow sedge Carex lurida Grass or grass-like 3.2 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 4a
Short's sedge Carex shortiana Grass or grass-like 3 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 5b
shortleaf pine Pinus echinata Tree 100 ft Sun Medium Zone 5b
silky dogwood Cornus amomum Shrub 10 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 3b
silky willow Salix sericea Tree 12 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4b
slippery elm Ulmus rubra Tree 85 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 3a
smooth azalea Rhododendron arborescens Shrub 18 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 6a
sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum Tree 35 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 6a
southern arrowwood Viburnum dentatum Tree 8 ft Sun–part shade — Zone 5a
splitbeard bluestem Andropogon ternarius Grass or grass-like 3.9 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 5b
strawcolored flatsedge Cyperus strigosus Grass or grass-like 3.2 ft Sun Medium Zone 4a
striped maple Acer pensylvanicum Tree 35 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 2b
sugarberry Celtis laevigata Tree 80 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 5a
summer grape Vitis aestivalis Vine 30 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 5a
swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata Wildflower (forb) 4.9 ft Sun High Zone 3b
swamp rose Rosa palustris Shrub 8.2 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4a
sweet birch Betula lenta Tree 60 ft Sun Medium Zone 4b
Table Mountain pine Pinus pungens Tree 50 ft Sun Low Zone 5b
tapertip rush Juncus acuminatus Grass or grass-like 3 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
upland bentgrass Agrostis perennans Grass or grass-like 3.5 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
variable panicgrass Dichanthelium commutatum Grass or grass-like 4.9 ft Sun–part shade Low Zone 4b
Virginia bluebells Mertensia virginica Wildflower (forb) 2.3 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 4b
Virginia sweetspire Itea virginica Shrub 10 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 5a
Virginia wildrye Elymus virginicus Grass or grass-like 2.5 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 4b
white ash Fraxinus americana Tree 90 ft Sun High Zone 4a
whitegrass Leersia virginica Grass or grass-like 3.9 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3a
wild bergamot Monarda fistulosa Wildflower (forb) 4.9 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
winged elm Ulmus alata Tree 65 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 5b
wingleaf primrose-willow Ludwigia decurrens Wildflower (forb) 4.5 ft Shade-tolerant High Zone 8a
wirestem muhly Muhlenbergia frondosa Grass or grass-like 2 ft Shade-tolerant Medium Zone 3b
woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus Grass or grass-like 4.9 ft Sun–part shade High Zone 4a
yellow fumewort Corydalis flavula Wildflower (forb) 1.5 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 5b
yellow passionflower Passiflora lutea Vine 16 ft Shade-tolerant Low Zone 5a
zigzag goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis Wildflower (forb) 3 ft Sun–part shade Medium Zone 5b

Other native species recorded here 164

PLANTS has no growing records for these, so light, moisture, height and zone filters cannot include them. Many are wild species seldom sold by nurseries.

  • Adam and Eve Aplectrum hyemale
  • Alabama lipfern Cheilanthes alabamensis
  • Allegheny monkeyflower Mimulus ringens
  • allegheny vine Adlumia fungosa
  • American alumroot Heuchera americana
  • American ginseng Panax quinquefolius
  • American lopseed Phryma leptostachya
  • American marshpennywort Hydrocotyle americana
  • American spikenard Aralia racemosa
  • angularfruit milkvine Matelea gonocarpos
  • Apocynum ×floribundum Apocynum ×floribundum
  • Appalachian polypody Polypodium appalachianum
  • Atlantic goldenrod Solidago arguta
  • bald spikerush Eleocharis erythropoda
  • bastard toadflax Comandra umbellata
  • bay forget-me-not Myosotis laxa
  • beaked panicgrass Panicum anceps
  • beggarslice Hackelia virginiana
  • black baneberry Actaea racemosa
  • blackstem spleenwort Asplenium resiliens
  • Blue Ridge blueberry Vaccinium pallidum
  • bluntlobe cliff fern Woodsia obtusa
  • Bosc's panicgrass Dichanthelium boscii
  • bristly greenbrier Smilax tamnoides
  • broad beechfern Phegopteris hexagonoptera
  • broadleaf sedge Carex platyphylla
  • brown widelip orchid Liparis liliifolia
  • bulblet bladderfern Cystopteris bulbifera
  • Canadian wildginger Asarum canadense
  • Canadian woodnettle Laportea canadensis
  • Carolina coralbead Cocculus carolinus
  • Carolina horsenettle Solanum carolinense
  • Carolina lily Lilium michauxii
  • Carolina springbeauty Claytonia caroliniana
  • Carolina vetch Vicia caroliniana
  • Carolina wild petunia Ruellia caroliniensis
  • carpenter's square Scrophularia marilandica
  • cedarglade St. Johnswort Hypericum frondosum
  • chinquapin Castanea pumila
  • Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides
  • clammy groundcherry Physalis heterophylla
  • common dittany Cunila origanoides
  • common moonseed Menispermum canadense
  • cornel-leaf whitetop Doellingeria infirma
  • cream avens Geum virginianum
  • crippled cranefly Tipularia discolor
  • Curtiss' milkwort Polygala curtissii
  • cutleaf grapefern Botrychium dissectum
  • cypress panicgrass Dichanthelium dichotomum
  • dwarf ginseng Panax trifolius
  • early bluegrass Poa cuspidata
  • eastern bottlebrush grass Elymus hystrix
  • eastern gray beardtongue Penstemon canescens
  • eastern hayscented fern Dennstaedtia punctilobula
  • eastern leatherwood Dirca palustris
  • eastern sweetshrub Calycanthus floridus
  • ebony spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron
  • feathery false lily of the valley Maianthemum racemosum
  • field pansy Viola bicolor
  • fiveangled dodder Cuscuta pentagona
  • flowering spurge Euphorbia corollata
  • forked bluecurls Trichostema dichotomum
  • fox grape Vitis labrusca
  • fragrant sumac Rhus aromatica
  • Gattinger's panicgrass Panicum gattingeri
  • gaywings Polygala paucifolia
  • glade fern Diplazium pycnocarpon
  • goldenclub Orontium aquaticum
  • goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis
  • Great Plains flatsedge Cyperus lupulinus
  • great yellow woodsorrel Oxalis grandis
  • Greek valerian Polemonium reptans
  • hairy angelica Angelica venenosa
  • hairy bedstraw Galium pilosum
  • hairy forked nailwort Paronychia fastigiata
  • hairy lipfern Cheilanthes lanosa
  • hairy skullcap Scutellaria elliptica
  • hairy wildrye Elymus villosus
  • hairy woodland brome Bromus pubescens
  • hairyseed paspalum Paspalum pubiflorum
  • hemlock waterparsnip Sium suave
  • highland doghobble Leucothoe fontanesiana
  • hoary mock orange Philadelphus pubescens
  • Indian cucumber Medeola virginiana
  • intermediate woodfern Dryopteris intermedia
  • king of the meadow Thalictrum pubescens
  • lace grass Eragrostis capillaris
  • large whorled pogonia Isotria verticillata
  • leafy bulrush Scirpus polyphyllus
  • leathery rush Juncus coriaceus
  • lesser rattlesnake plantain Goodyera repens
  • lesser yellow lady's slipper Cypripedium parviflorum
  • limber honeysuckle Lonicera dioica
  • lizard's tail Saururus cernuus
  • longleaf summer bluet Houstonia longifolia
  • low spikesedge Kyllinga pumila
  • lowland bladderfern Cystopteris protrusa
  • lowland rotala Rotala ramosior
  • lyrate rockcress Arabis lyrata
  • maidenhair spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes
  • marginal woodfern Dryopteris marginalis
  • marsh bristlegrass Setaria parviflora
  • matricary grapefern Botrychium matricariifolium
  • meadow spikemoss Selaginella apoda
  • moccasin flower Cypripedium acaule
  • mountain holly Ilex montana
  • mountain silverbell Halesia tetraptera
  • mountain spleenwort Asplenium montanum
  • mucronate sprangletop Leptochloa panicea
  • narrowleaf cowwheat Melampyrum lineare
  • New England aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
  • nodding onion Allium cernuum
  • northern evening primrose Oenothera parviflora
  • northern selaginella Selaginella rupestris
  • oneseed bur cucumber Sicyos angulatus
  • partridgeberry Mitchella repens
  • pinesap Monotropa hypopitys
  • pink thoroughwort Fleischmannia incarnata
  • poverty dropseed Sporobolus vaginiflorus
  • prairie threeawn Aristida oligantha
  • purple cliffbrake Pellaea atropurpurea
  • queendevil Hieracium gronovii
  • reflexed flatsedge Cyperus refractus
  • rough flatsedge Cyperus retrofractus
  • sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis
  • shining clubmoss Huperzia lucidula
  • showy skullcap Scutellaria serrata
  • sicklepod Arabis canadensis
  • slimspike threeawn Aristida longespica
  • small green wood orchid Platanthera clavellata
  • smooth forked nailwort Paronychia canadensis
  • smooth rockcress Arabis laevigata
  • smooth Solomon's seal Polygonatum biflorum
  • spiked crested coralroot Hexalectris spicata
  • spotted beebalm Monarda punctata
  • spring coralroot Corallorhiza wisteriana
  • sticky catchfly Silene caroliniana
  • stiff cowbane Oxypolis rigidior
  • striped cream violet Viola striata
  • striped prince's pine Chimaphila maculata
  • summer coralroot Corallorhiza maculata
  • tall thimbleweed Anemone virginiana
  • thinleaf late purple aster Symphyotrichum phlogifolium
  • twinleaf Jeffersonia diphylla
  • twistedstalk Streptopus lanceolatus
  • upland boneset Eupatorium sessilifolium
  • vasevine Clematis viorna
  • Virginia snakeroot Aristolochia serpentaria
  • Virginia tephrosia Tephrosia virginiana
  • walking fern Asplenium rhizophyllum
  • wallrue Asplenium ruta-muraria
  • waxyleaf meadow-rue Thalictrum revolutum
  • white bear sedge Carex albursina
  • white bergamot Monarda clinopodia
  • white colicroot Aletris farinosa
  • wild hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens
  • wingstem Verbesina alternifolia
  • wiry panicgrass Panicum flexile
  • witchgrass Panicum capillare
  • wood anemone Anemone quinquefolia
  • woodland sunflower Helianthus divaricatus
  • yellow fairybells Prosartes lanuginosa
  • yellowroot Xanthorhiza simplicissima
  • zigzag spiderwort Tradescantia subaspera
Also listed as native and introduced here 1

PLANTS labels these species both native and introduced in this state: some forms are native and others were brought in from elsewhere. Most gardeners should choose plants from the main list.

Compared with Tennessee

The typical county is the median of the 95 Tennessee counties with PLANTS county records; the statewide figure counts every species native anywhere in the state. More species is not better or worse: counties differ in size, habitat and how thoroughly they have been surveyed.

Native species counts, Washington County and Tennessee
MeasureWashington CountyTypical countyStatewide
Native species 287 450 1,844
Garden-ready natives 123 182 606
Tree 44 — 189
Shrub 23 — 88
Wildflower (forb) 115 — 988
Grass or grass-like 56 — 420
Vine 18 — 81
Fern 31 — 78

Neighboring counties

Counties that share a ZIP code with Washington County.

Look up another ZIP

Matches your ZIP to the county it mostly lies in, then lists the plants recorded as native to your state (Kew’s World Checklist and USDA PLANTS) and recorded in that county by USDA PLANTS.

Source & data date

Source
USDA NRCS PLANTS Database: county distribution records, native status and plant characteristics. CC0 (public domain dedication, per the data.gov catalog record).
Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP): native or introduced status by state. CC BY 3.0.
USGS US-RIIS (ver. 2.0): species listed as introduced are excluded. CC0.
Citation
USDA, NRCS. 2026. The PLANTS Database (https://plants.usda.gov, 11/04/2026). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA.
Govaerts R. (ed.) (2026). WCVP: World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Data file dated 2026-06-04, http://sftp.kew.org/pub/data-repositories/WCVP/ (retrieved 2026-11-04). Paper: Govaerts R. et al. (2021) The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. Scientific Data 8, 215.
Data date
Retrieved from PLANTS on November 4, 2026; WCVP data file dated June 4, 2026.
Zones
USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023) ZIP table: PRISM Group, Oregon State University, https://prism.oregonstate.edu, accessed November 3, 2026. Plant zones on this site are our estimate, not the official map.
Scope
Washington County (county FIPS 47179), Tennessee. 287 native species from PLANTS county distribution records; garden-ready = species with a PLANTS characteristics record.
Method
A species is listed when it is recorded as native to the state in Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants and USDA PLANTS, and recorded in the county by USDA PLANTS. Species PLANTS labels both native and introduced are listed separately. Full method · All sources

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